Structuring Offshore Share Sales with Indian Asset Exposure: What Works in 2026
Offshore share transfers involving Indian asset exposure remain central to global private equity exits, strategic M&A, and cross-border group restructurings in 2026. India continues to attract sustained foreign investment across technology, infrastructure, manufacturing, energy transition, digital platforms, and financial services. Most of these investments are structured through offshore holding vehicles. As a result, exits frequently […]
Kazakhstan’s Shift from Crypto-Friendly to Crypto-Controlled: Legal, Regulatory, and Economic Perspectives
Kazakhstan has witnessed one of the most significant transformations in the global cryptocurrency landscape over the past few years. Once known for its permissive stance and rapid adoption of crypto mining, the country has transitioned toward a highly regulated environment, where the government exercises substantial oversight over digital assets. This evolution reflects the authorities’ desire […]
Kazakhstan’s Data Localization Rules Explained for Multinationals
Kazakhstan has rapidly emerged as a strategic hub for multinational corporations seeking to expand into Central Asia. Its growing economy, membership in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), and increasing digitalization make it an attractive destination for investment in sectors ranging from finance and telecommunications to technology and energy. However, alongside these opportunities comes a critical […]
Garden Leave Clauses: India’s Quiet Substitute for Non-Competes
In India’s rapidly evolving business environment, companies are increasingly concerned with protecting confidential information, client relationships, and key talent. Traditionally, non-compete clauses were used to prevent employees from joining competitors after leaving a company. However, Indian law, particularly Section 27 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, makes post-employment non-compete clauses largely unenforceable. Against this backdrop, […]
Choosing the Right Arbitration Seat for Indian Contracts: A Legal Perspective
Arbitration has become a cornerstone of dispute resolution in India, particularly for commercial contracts that involve domestic and international parties. Its appeal lies in flexibility, efficiency, and enforceability under both domestic and international frameworks. Among the many strategic choices parties make while drafting contracts, the selection of the arbitration seat is one of the most […]
The Reverse Flip Explained: Bringing Startups Back to India via NCLT
Over the last decade, a significant number of Indian-founded startups adopted offshore holding structures, typically in jurisdictions such as Singapore or the United States, while retaining their primary operations in India. This structural migration—commonly referred to as a “flip”—was driven by investor familiarity, perceived tax efficiencies, and regulatory flexibility. Venture capital and private equity investors […]
AIFC Employment Law vs National Labour Code (India): Key Differences
In today’s globalized business environment, understanding employment law across jurisdictions is crucial for multinational corporations, startups, and investors. Two distinct frameworks — the Astana International Financial Centre (AIFC) Employment Regulations in Kazakhstan and India’s National Labour Code (NLC) — provide contrasting approaches to regulating employment. While the AIFC framework emphasizes flexibility and international standards to […]
Choosing Between AIFC Law and Kazakh Civil Law in M&A Transactions
Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) in Kazakhstan are becoming increasingly sophisticated, driven by growing foreign investment and the expansion of regional businesses. A critical factor that often determines the success of these transactions is the choice of governing law. Investors and corporate parties must decide whether to structure their deal under the Astana International Financial Centre […]
Corporate Legal Framework in Kazakhstan: An Overview for Investors
Kazakhstan, a vast and resource-rich nation in Central Asia, has long sought to position itself as a competitive and investor-friendly jurisdiction. With a strategic location bridging Europe and Asia, significant natural resources, and ongoing reforms to modernize its legal environment, the country offers compelling opportunities for both foreign and domestic investors. However, navigating the corporate […]
Key Clauses in Enforceable Contracts in Kazakhstan: A Comprehensive Guide
Contracts form the backbone of business and legal relationships in Kazakhstan. Whether you are entering into a commercial agreement, employment contract, or service arrangement, ensuring that your contract is legally enforceable is essential. Under Kazakh law, enforceable contracts are governed primarily by the Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, along with sector-specific regulations. A […]
Corporate Governance Best Practices for Indian Companies
Corporate governance has become a cornerstone of sustainable business success in India. As Indian companies operate in an increasingly regulated, globalized, and investor-driven environment, strong corporate governance is no longer a mere compliance requirement—it is a strategic imperative. Effective governance enhances transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct, while also improving investor confidence, operational efficiency, and long-term […]
Handling Cross-Border Commercial Contracts from India
The rapid internationalisation of Indian businesses has fundamentally reshaped the way commercial relationships are formed and governed. Indian companies today operate in a global ecosystem where suppliers, customers, investors, and partners are often located across multiple jurisdictions. At the heart of these international engagements lie cross-border commercial contracts—documents that not only record commercial intent but […]